Tonsillar branch - forms a network of nerves, known as the tonsillar plexus, which innervates the palatine tonsils.Lingual branch - provides the posterior 1/3 of the tongue with general and taste sensation.It innervates the mucosa of the oropharynx. ![]() Pharyngeal branch - combines with fibres of the vagus nerve to form the pharyngeal plexus.Here, it forms the tympanic plexus - a network of nerves that provide sensory innervation to the middle ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane and Eustachian tube. ![]() It penetrates the temporal bone and enters the cavity of the middle ear. The tympanic nerve arises as the nerve traverses the jugular foramen. Fig 1 - Lateral view of the neck, showing the innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle. The nerve enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors. Within the pharynx, it terminates by dividing into several branches - lingual, tonsil and pharyngeal. They are known as the superior and inferior (or petrous) ganglia - they contain the cell bodies of the sensory fibres in the glossopharyngeal nerve. Immediately outside the jugular foramen lie two ganglia (collections of nerve cell bodies). Motor: Innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle of the pharynx. Parasympathetic: Provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland. Special sensory: Provides taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. Sensory: Innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of the tongue, middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube. In this article, we shall look at the anatomical course of the nerve, and the motor, sensory and parasympathetic functions of its terminal branches.Įmbryologically, the glossopharyngeal nerve is associated with the derivatives of the third pharyngeal arch. The glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX, is the ninth paired cranial nerve. ![]()
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